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Sea Killer is an Italian anti-ship missile. It has been built in several versions, with differing guidance systems, and suitable for launching from ships or aircraft (in which form the weapons system is known as Marte). ==Development and design== Contraves Italiana, an Italian subsidiary of the Swiss armaments company Oerlikon Contraves began development of a short-ranged () ship-based anti-ship missile system, named Nettuno in 1963. Guidance of Nettuno was by beam riding for course control, with altitude controlled automatically by an onboard radar altimeter, allowing the missile to carry out sea-skimming attacks. Command guidance was an alternative guidance method if jamming made the beam-riding method unusable. Contraves Italiana began work on an improved missile, Vulcano in 1965, this having the same guidance system, but with a two-stage (booster + sustainer) rocket motor to give a longer () range. Both missiles could be fired from a five-round trainable launcher.〔Pretty and Archer 1972, pp. 42–43.〕〔Pretty 1977, pp. 61–62.〕 Testing of Nettuno began in 1966,〔Pretty 1977, p. 61.〕 with a trial installation being made on the Freccia class patrol boat ''Saetta'' of the Italian navy, with the five-round launcher replacing a Bofors 40 mm gun.〔Moore 1979, p. 279.〕 Testing of Vulcano began in 1969.〔 In 1967, the Italian company Sistel (Sistemi Elttronici) was set up as a joint venture by five Italian companies, including Contraves Italiana, and the missile division of Contraves Italina was transferred to Sistel, along with the Nettuno and Vulcano missiles in 1969.〔''Flight International'' 25 January 1973, p. 135.〕 Nettuno and Vulcano were renamed Sea Killer Mark 1 and 2 respectively for export, and these names gradually replaced the older names.〔Pretty and Archer 1972, p. 42.〕 Sea Killer Mark 2 was purchased by Iran to arm its Saam class of four frigates, each of which was fitted with a single 5-round launcher.〔Moore 1979, p. 155.〕 No other sales of the ship-based version were made,〔("Sea Killer/Marte (Italy), Surface-to-surface missiles" ). ''Janes.com''. 2009. Retrieved 8 April 2012.〕 but development of Sea Killer Mark 2 into an all-weather anti-ship missile to equip the Italian Navy's helicopters began in 1967,〔Gunston 1983, p. 110–111.〕 with the helicopter based weapon system being named Marte.〔Pretty 1977, pp. 141–142.〕 Marte entered service with the Italian Navy in 1977, with its SH-3 Sea Kings being fitted with two Sea Killer Mark 2 missiles.〔Freidman 1997, p. 231.〕 In 1983, a new version, Marte 2, was announced, with the beam-riding guidance replaced by an active radar homing seeker based on that used by the Otomat anti-ship missile.〔〔''Flight International'' 1 October 1988.〕 Testing of Marte 2 started in 1984,〔("Marte 2 hits target" ). ''Flight International'' 7 April 1984, p. 942.〕 with the missile entering service with the Italian Navy in 1987.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sea Killer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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